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Aluminum Alloy 7075 is a high-performance material known for its exceptional strength and versatility. It primarily contains zinc as the main alloying element, with additional amounts of magnesium, copper, and small quantities of silicon, iron, manganese, titanium, and chromium. The composition typically ranges from 5.6–6.1% zinc, 2.1–2.5% magnesium, and 1.2–1.6% copper. This alloy is available in various tempers, such as 7075-0, 7075-T6, and 7075-T651, each offering different mechanical properties based on the manufacturing process.
7075 aluminum is widely used in applications that require high strength and durability, particularly in aerospace and structural engineering. Despite being more brittle than some other alloys due to microsegregation, it offers superior corrosion resistance compared to 2000-series alloys. Its excellent combination of strength, toughness, and fatigue resistance makes it ideal for critical load-bearing components.
When heat-treated to the T6 temper, 7075 achieves peak mechanical performance. This involves solution heat treatment at 450°C, followed by rapid quenching and aging at 120°C for 24 hours. The resulting fine precipitates within the grains enhance the alloy’s strength. The T6 temper provides an ultimate tensile strength of 510–540 MPa (74,000–78,000 psi) and a yield strength of at least 430–480 MPa (63,000–69,000 psi), with elongation at break ranging between 5–11%.
For applications requiring stress relief, the T651 temper is often used. This process includes solution heat treatment, stress relief through stretching, and artificial aging. T651 7075 has an ultimate tensile strength of 570 MPa (83,000 psi) and a yield strength of 500 MPa (73,000 psi), with elongation at break between 3–9%. Thicker sections may exhibit slightly lower values due to variations in cooling rates during production.
Below is a table summarizing the mechanical properties of 7075 sheets in different tempers:
| Material | Temper | Thickness (in) | Tensile Strength (ksi) | Yield Strength (ksi) | Elongation (%) |
|--------------------|-----------|----------------|------------------------|----------------------|----------------|
| Alloy 7075 Sheet | T6 Bare | 0.125 - 0.25 | 78 | 69 | 8 |
| Alloy 7075 Sheet | T651 Bare | 0.25 - 0.50 | 78 | 67 | 9 |
| Alloy 7075 Sheet | T651 Bare | 0.5 - 1.0 | 78 | 68 | 7 |
| Alloy 7075 Sheet | T6 Clad | 0.188 - 0.25 | 75 | 64 | 8 |
| Alloy 7075 Sheet | T651 Clad | 0.25 - 0.50 | 75 | 65 | 9 |
| Alloy 7075 Sheet | T651 Clad | 0.5 - 1.0 | 78 | 68 | 7 |
In terms of physical properties, 7075 aluminum has a nominal density of 0.101 lbs./in³ (2.80 Mg/m³) at 68°F (20°C). Its melting range is between 990°F and 1175°F (532°C to 635°C), and its specific heat capacity is 0.23 BTU/lb-°F (960 J/kg-°K) at 212°F (100°C).
Whether you're working on aircraft parts, heavy-duty structures, or custom components, 7075 aluminum alloy is a reliable choice for demanding environments. Its balanced properties make it one of the most popular choices in high-stress applications across industries.