Observing the perspective of the birthplace of production: whether the new type of coal chemical industry can become the development direction

In recent years, China's coal-based chemical industry has experienced significant growth, with key sectors such as coking, coal gasification, ammonia synthesis, and methanol production showing remarkable progress. Emerging technologies like coal liquefaction, methanol-to-olefins (MTO), dimethyl ether (DME), and other advanced coal chemical processes are now being researched and gradually industrialized. The potential of these new coal energy and chemical industries to become a major development direction in the next two decades is gaining increasing attention across the sector. If China can establish itself as the world's leading coal chemical producer, it could significantly contribute to reducing environmental pollution from coal combustion and decreasing reliance on imported oil. It is clear that the new coal chemical industry presents numerous opportunities for long-term growth in China. Currently, China’s coking technology has reached advanced global standards, with most new projects featuring large-scale coke ovens equipped with modern facilities. The 6-meter-high carbonization chamber coke ovens have been successfully domesticated. In 2004, mechanized coke ovens accounted for approximately 70% of total coke output. Technologies like CDQ (Coke Dry Quenching) and dust removal stations have entered practical application, while chemical product recovery has improved significantly. Outdated and inefficient small-scale ovens have been phased out, and advancements in soil coke and modified oven technologies continue to accelerate. Focusing on coal tar chemical products and enhancing the deep processing of tar, along with the effective utilization of coke oven gas, have become central goals for the comprehensive development and competitiveness of the coking industry. For large-scale coking enterprises with concentrated layouts, integrated planning for tar processing and surplus gas utilization is essential to achieve efficient and cost-effective large-scale production. Coal liquefaction produces various valuable products, including gasoline, diesel, aviation kerosene, naphtha, and olefins, which offer substantial market potential. These processes require high-level technological and engineering expertise, making them a crucial area for China’s new coal chemical development. Over the past few years, both direct and indirect coal liquefaction technologies have seen progress in research and demonstration projects. While coal liquefaction was already in industrial use 50 years ago, new technologies have been under development abroad for nearly three decades, with extensive experience gained from basic research to pilot testing. Domestic research has spanned over 20 years, during which low-dispersion, direct liquefaction, and hydrogenation liquefaction catalysts have been developed in laboratories. These catalysts offer advantages such as low usage rates, strong catalytic performance, and reduced costs, significantly increasing oil yield and reaching international standards. Based on the "Shenhua Coal Direct Liquefaction New Process," a test facility with a coal feed rate of 6 tons per day was constructed. From October to December 2004, solvent hydrogenation, continuous hot oil operation, and a 23-hour feeding test were conducted, marking successful progress in the liquefaction process. Research and development on a new CDCL direct liquefaction process for Chinese coal have also begun. Currently, several coal-producing provinces and energy companies in China are combining technology acquisition with local R&D, working on feasibility studies and preliminary preparations for constructing coal direct liquefaction plants. At the same time, China’s coal indirect liquefaction technology is advancing rapidly. By the end of 2004, a low-temperature slurry bed synthetic oil (indirect liquefaction) pilot plant was built, with long-term operational testing completed and the development of supporting catalyst systems finalized. The design of the process software package and engineering research for the demonstration plant were also completed. Low-temperature slurry synthetic oil can produce up to 70% diesel, with a cetane number exceeding 70, along with by-products such as LPG and oxygenated compounds. The successful development and operation of this pilot plant represent a milestone in China’s independent coal-based synthetic oil technology, playing a vital role in promoting technology localization and industrialization. Of course, the key to the development of the new coal chemical industry lies in mastering core technologies. Developing new coal chemical technologies with independent intellectual property will be critical to achieving long-term growth. Although large-scale commercial production of indirect coal liquefaction is mature in some foreign countries, feasibility studies are underway for introducing technology to build 3 million-ton-per-year plants. However, without its own core technologies, China’s new coal chemical industry may remain dependent on external sources, limiting its full potential.

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