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In 2005, the world's total chlor-alkali production capacity was about 61 million tons, caustic soda production was about 54.5 million tons, chlorine production was about 49.5 million tons, and sales revenue of chlorine and caustic soda was about 16 billion US dollars. The concentration of chlor-alkali production in the world is relatively high. At present, there are more than 500 chlor-alkali enterprises, of which nearly half are in Asia, but their scale is generally small. In addition to Asia, the world's chlor-alkali production is mainly concentrated in a number of large multinational companies, among which the caustic soda production capacity of the 11 largest chlor-alkali enterprises accounts for 37.4% of the world's total production capacity. Dow Chemical, Occidental Chemicals, PPGI Industries, Olin, and Formosa Plastics have caustic soda production capacity of 79% of the total U.S. capacity, and Solvay, IneosChlor, and Bayer have caustic soda production capacity of 77% of total production capacity in Western Europe.
In the coming period, with the slowdown in market demand and the elimination of old devices, the development direction of the chlor-alkali industry in Europe, the United States, Japan, and other developed regions will be the decline in total production capacity, but the degree of concentration will further increase. At present, the world's caustic soda production process mainly includes ion membrane method, diaphragm method and mercury method, and a small amount of causticization method. The ion membrane method has low energy consumption, high product purity, low pollution, and low operating cost, and is the first choice for the construction of new caustic soda devices. From the second half of 2006 onwards, a batch of new chlor-alkali plants worldwide will be put into operation one after another. The price of chlor-alkali products may shift from the peak to the falling period. Due to the strong demand for chlorine products and caustic soda in Asia, most of the new installations are located in Asia, of which China will account for the largest share. In the Middle East, there are some new projects due to lower production costs. In the chloralkali production process, caustic soda and chlorine will be produced at the same time, but the market's demand for caustic soda and chlorine does not necessarily meet this ratio. Therefore, the balance between caustic soda and chlorine will always be the subject of the world's chlor-alkali industry development.
In 2005, the world's chlorine demand was 49.75 million tons. The main purpose is to produce PVC through ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride monomer, accounting for about 34% of chlorine consumption; 20% for organic production; 6% for water treatment chemistry 6% for chlorinated intermediates; 4% for papermaking; 2% for inorganics. It is expected that in the coming period, the market demand for PVC, propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin and phosgene series (polycarbonate, MDI, TDI, etc.) in the four major downstream areas of the chlorine product chain will maintain a steady growth, and worldwide The demand will increase by about 3% annually. In the same period, the world market demand for caustic soda is expected to grow at an average annual rate of about 2%, so the caustic soda market will experience a certain degree of surplus. However, if chlorine can be used more effectively, the problem of chlor-alkali imbalance can be alleviated to some extent. Trend Analysis Industrial Structure Adjustment The market for chlor-alkali products in developed countries has matured, production capacity growth has been slow, profit levels have been reduced, and technology and market competition have become fiercer. Large-scale chlor-alkali enterprises in the United States and Japan have implemented restructuring, mergers and acquisitions to increase their core competitiveness, implement low-cost strategies, improve their technology and management, and attach importance to sustainable development. They have changed from “end-to-end†treatment to “prevention of pollutionâ€. The strategy, mercury method and diaphragm process equipment will gradually be eliminated.
In addition, due to the low added value of the chlor-alkali industry, in the case of high energy prices, the company will strengthen its anti-risk capabilities mainly through scale, intensification, integration of upstream and downstream, and refinement, and the combination of chlor-alkali and petrochemical industry Become the direction of industrial development. In the coming period of production, import and export, the world's caustic soda production and import and export structure will undergo major changes. The growth of production capacity will mainly come from Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, while the output and proportion of traditional caustic soda output regions such as North America and Western Europe will have The decline has become a net importer of caustic soda. The Middle East has abundant and cheap oil resources, and has strong strength in exporting excess caustic soda. The production of caustic soda in Northeast Asia (China, South Korea, etc.) has grown rapidly and has strong potential for exporting caustic soda. Australia, Jamaica, Suriname and other world aluminum producers will continue to be major importers of caustic soda, with an annual import volume of around 1.4 million tons.
The direction of technological development The overall direction of world chlor-alkali technology development is large-scale, and energy-saving and energy-saving technologies will become the focus of development. More than 90% of the chloralkali capacity will be built and expanded. Ion-membrane technology will be used. The development direction of ion-exchange membrane caustic soda production technology is mainly the improvement and application of high-performance ion membrane and electrolyzer technology. The ion membranes are mainly used for the development of low-power membranes, ion membranes for high current densities, and membranes for high-concentration caustic soda; the electrolyzers are mainly used for the development of constant-pole distances, small pole-to-zero-pole distances, and reduction of cell voltage and membrane-electrode integration. Technology.
The main direction of the development of PVC technology is to explore the use of cheaper ethane as raw material, to produce low-cost vinyl chloride monomer by direct oxychlorination, to reform the equilibrium oxychlorination process, to further reduce production costs, and to further address the polymerization system. Stability and anti-stick cask problems; improved particle size distribution of suspended PVC resins; and the development of special-purpose resins with better performance, such as development of impact-resistant chlorinated vinyl chloride-acrylate graft copolymer resins with better transparency. Easily processed polyvinyl chloride film special resin, improved production method of acrylate-modified polyvinyl chloride profile resin, etc.; in the polyvinyl chloride resin processing application, through the copolymerization and blending modification production with special properties and uses PVC products increase product added value.
Since 2004, with the recovery of the global economy and the strengthening of demand, coupled with the unsustainable cost burden of many European and American producers, the world's chlor-alkali market has shifted from oversupply to tight supply. Product prices have risen and profits have fully recovered. However, due to the poor profitability of the chlor-alkali industry in the past few years, which has dampened the investment enthusiasm of manufacturers, North America and Western Europe have invested insufficiently in increasing new production capacity. It is expected that the world chloro-alkali market supply will continue to be tense in the next few years.